Ethics in Public Administration Essay

The national bicentennial in 1976 stamped two significant birthday events for open organization. It was the ninetieth commemoration of the presence of the main completely created exposition on what was viewed as a â€Å"new† or possibly an independently distinguished field †open organization. In that article, the youthful political researcher Woodrow Wilson (1941) composed the now well known words, â€Å"administration lies outside the best possible circle of governmental issues. Authoritative inquiries are not political inquiries; despite the fact that governmental issues sets the assignments for organization, it ought not be endured to control its workplaces. â€Å" Furthermore, it was actually a long time since the distribution of Leonard White (1926) text, Introduction to the Study of Public Administration, the first in the field. White’s book was, for his time, a progressed and modern endeavor to wed the study of government and the study of organization. While Wilson had contended that open organization is â€Å"a field of business† and ought to be discrete from â€Å"politics,† White forty years after the fact countered that open organization can be successful just in the event that it comprises an incorporation of the hypothesis of government and the hypothesis of organization. As fields or callings go, open organization is youthful. Its initial catalyst was a lot of associated with common assistance change, the city chief development, the â€Å"good government† development, and the professionalization of the regulatory mechanical assembly of government. It was in this period that â€Å"principles of administration† were created and the principal scholarly projects in the field were built up at American colleges. This was an overwhelming period, during which the United States common assistance was created, an advancement received in numerous American states and districts. Formal frameworks of planning and buying were embraced, and different parts of the study of the executives were applied to government issues. Huge numbers of the early pioneers in this change development likewise assumed out significant political jobs, most eminently Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. Open organization was new, a reaction to a quickly evolving government. The second â€Å"era† in open organization could be said to have started with the Depression and the New Deal, trailed by World War II. This time was portrayed by the strikingly quick development of the legislature, especially at the national level, the improvement of significant American social projects, and eventually the advancement of an enormous barrier program. As of now it became obvious that an enormous and brought together government can achieve gallant errands. Examples were being created and perspectives confined for the direct of American government and the acts of open organization for the coming twenty years. This time additionally created the vast majority of the significant American researchers in open organization who were to overwhelm the scene from the 1940s into the 1970s. The period that followed was described by quick development in the open assistance and by broad suburbanization and urbanization. In any case, it was additionally a time of extraordinary addressing of the reasons and premises of open organization. An expansive assortment of social projects and administrations were created, a virus war machine was kept up, and the open help proceeded with both to develop and to professionalize. It appeared as though such extension could go on perpetually. However, by the mid-1960s a few emergencies were growing at the same time. From multiple points of view, these emergencies appeared to some extent to result from the abundances of a prior time. In different manners, they were by all accounts an outflow of old and unanswered issues incorporated with our general public and our arrangement of government. The urban emergency came about because of tenacious suburbanization †legislatively bolstered. The racial emergency is firmly associated, bringing about part from the genuine ghettoization of American minorities in the focal segments of our extraordinary urban communities. As the focal urban communities have crumbled, so have their open administrations. We keep on having unsuitable degrees of joblessness, particularly among minorities. What's more, our government assistance framework is gravely over-burden. The fast exhaustion of our fuel assets brings about a vitality emergency, which comes hard behind the ecological emergency. Furthermore, obviously, there is medicinal services, transportation, without any end in sight. These emergencies have influenced open organization. Three specific occasions or exercises happened between the mid-1960s and 1970s that permanently denoted the general public and the legislature and, thus, open organization: the war in Vietnam, the urban uproars and proceeded with racial hardship, and Watergate. These emergencies and occasions brought about new government programs and changed perspectives about and rehearsing open organization. Frederick C. Mosher and John C. Nectar contemplated the attributes and organization of the open help in the mid-1960s. 3 Their fundamental finding was that most local officials feel practically zero personality with the field of open organization. Few have ever had a course less despite everything hold a degree in the subject. Open organization at the time appeared to have a somewhat thin meaning of its motivations, fixating basically on planning, work force, and association and the executives issues. Most local officials, it was found, relate to a few or another expert field, for example, instruction, network arranging, law, general wellbeing, or designing. Indeed, even a large number of the individuals who might be required to relate to open organization are all the more especially intrigued by some subset of the field, for example, fund, work force, strategy investigation, and such. There was next to no approach accentuation in open organization †almost no conversation of resistance strategy, natural arrangement, monetary arrangement, urban strategy. There was, at that point, much discuss open organization as everyone’s â€Å"second calling. † Education for open organization in the mid-1960s scarcely shone. The early disturbance of the reformers had passed on. The American Society for Public Administration was starting to battle. By the late 1970s, open organization had changed, both in its training and its instructing. There are numerous pointers: the Intergovernmental Personnel Act; Title IX of the Higher Education Act; the Federal Executive Institute and the Federal Executive Seminars; the wonderful development and life of instruction for open help; the President’s Management Intern Program; the Harry S. Truman Foundation; the size and nature of ASPA; the advancement of the Consortium on Education for the Public Service; a few HUD awards to open organization related exercises; an a lot heavier strategy accentuation; a reestablished worry for morals and ethical quality in taxpayer driven organization; and the proceeded with professionalization of the open assistance combined with refinement of the executives techniques at all degrees of government. To append the name â€Å"new† to anything is unsafe business. The hazard is multiplied when originality is credited to thoughts, considerations, ideas, ideal models, speculations. The individuals who guarantee new deduction will in general see past idea as old or jejune or both. Accordingly, the creators of past idea are protective and slanted to propose that beside having bundled before intuition in another jargon there is little that is extremely new in supposed new reasoning. Acknowledge, subsequently, this admonition: Parts of new open organization would be perceived by Plato, Hobbes, Machiavelli, Hamilton, and Jefferson just as by numerous advanced conduct scholars. The freshness is standing out the texture is woven, not really in the strings that are utilized. Furthermore, the freshness is in contentions with respect to the best possible utilization of the texture †anyway ragged. The strings of the open organization texture are notable. Herbert Kaufman portrays them just as the quest for these fundamental qualities: representativeness, politically impartial fitness, and official authority (Kaufman, 1969). In various occasions, either of these qualities gets the best accentuation. Representativeness was superior in the Jacksonian period. The inevitable response was the change development underlining unbiased skill and official initiative. Presently we are seeing a rebel against these qualities joined by a quest for new methods of representativeness. Others have contended that adjustments in open organization look like a lose-lose situation between authoritative effectiveness and political responsiveness. Any expansion in proficiency results from the earlier in a lessening in responsiveness. We are essentially entering a period during which political responsiveness is to be bought at an expense in authoritative effectiveness. Obviously, the most intriguing advancements with regards to current open organization are not exact but rather are philosophical, standardizing, and theoretical. In open organization, the expression â€Å"social equity† has risen as a shorthand method of alluding to the worries and assessments of the individuals who are testing contemporary hypothesis and practice. So far, the expression social value, be that as it may, has little substance or exactness. The issue of value is as old as government. Dwight Waldo (1972) calls attention to that â€Å"much administrative activity in the United States has not been just oppressive however enormously and cruelly so. Much legislative activity has additionally, be that as it may, been coordinated toward accomplishing correspondence; incomprehensibly, activity to guarantee absorption and consistency likewise has once in a while been coldhearted and coercive. â€Å"Equality,† he finishes up, â€Å"is key to the comprehension of much later and contemporary open organization. † It has been genuinely proposed that social value be a standard by which open heads, both in the department and the institute, survey and assess their conduct and choices. Social value, at that point, would be a model for adequacy in open organization similarly tha

Jonurl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jonurl - Essay Example In my FIRO-B scale, certain outcomes were clear while experiencing the basic assessment. My incorporation requests were evaluated at 6 which is a moderate outcome in correlation with others. The impact of such an outcome is the perfect level. In different regions, for example, control, I came out with a 8 evaluation. This is generally normal for an autonomous individual with high characteristics to lead a gathering. Warmth levels were evaluated perfect at 5. The impact these had is that I was assigned to lead the gathering for having solid control. My demeanor attributes was OWL that implies savvy, educated, formed, sees everything, sees things before others see them and outputs from high roost, plunges down with exactness. I am extraordinary in dynamic particularly in troublesome circumstances and furthermore have sufficient information on general issues. I have helped the gathering completely in settling on monetary choices and furthermore certain entomb bunch difficulties. I have a Phlegmatic withdrawn disposition. This makes me a decent chairman of the gathering, I get the chance to be attentive to the circumstance and responses of other gathering individuals from the gathering. On the Jessica Baby story, I was quick to see some solid response just as from the gathering individuals. The story was motivating to numerous individuals acclaimed and notorious in the public eye and has head generally comparable effect on a ton of lives in numerous individuals. The circumstance was extremely thoughtful and fills one with regret and sympathy. It was hard for some to conceal their sympathy in the gathering. Nonetheless, individuals demonstrated theirs in various ways. Some would go to almost crying while some would show their desire by having just as they were impact of the experience. Gathering individuals demonstrated warmth in various manners. Certain MBTI models can consummate one’s execution and individuals need various inspirations for their issue s, as the hotshot who considered the to be as an inspiration to stop drugs. Eschers Relativity picture has been utilized

7 THINGS YOU ONLY LEARN FROM MOVING TO THE UK TO STUDY Free Essays

It's a given that leaving your home to concentrate in an outside nation can be frightening stuff †particularly on the off chance that you don’t communicate in the language. However everywhere throughout the world, a huge number of understudies move to various nations for their instruction, and don’t think back! So what is it about moving to another nation to consider that is so attractiveWell Studying or living abroad is an encounter of a lifetime. You study yourself and the world than you ever have previously, and conceivably ever will again. We will compose a custom exposition test on 7 THINGS YOU ONLY LEARN FROM MOVING TO THE UK TO STUDY or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now So in the event that you’re hurling up whether to concentrate abroad, we take a gander at the 7 exercises that you will gain from moving to the UK to consider. Correspondence In all honesty, it is flawlessly conceivable to impart without a communicating in the regular language. Truth be told, you can warm up to individuals regardless of whether you just express a couple of expressions of their language or the other way around. Connect and show individuals you intend to impart. Putting forth the attempt to impart unquestionably shows you a lot about how connections and fellowships work and how correspondence is something beyond the words we state. Certainty In the event that you’re a normally modest individual you’ll before long find that you are not as timid as you originally suspected. Indeed, in the correct conditions, you can converse with anybody. From sheer need you will be compelled to work in a new situation. There can be a ton of sense of self boosting minutes as you explore the new and diverse effectively, and that loans new certainty to us all. Independence Before you move to another country, you likely have a broad system of loved ones to get you out. Such a system is fabulous and will consistently be there for you, regardless of whether it’s just by means of telephone and email. In any case, living in an outside nation implies you’ll likely discover that you can depend on yourself to get past extreme occasions. You will before long find that you can do it all alone. Liberality On the off chance that you have settled on the choice to move to another country, you presumably have some level of receptiveness. Nonetheless, as far as encounters as basic as food, you will no uncertainty figure out how to be considerably increasingly liberal and less judgemental about new things and the new individuals you meet. Regard AND UNDERSTAND OTHER CULTURES Each nation is unique. There is no preferred understanding over living abroad to open your brain to different societies and conventions. It’s regularly amazing, expressly improving, and constantly a day by day life exercise. YOU CAN DO IT! The main thing you will gain from living in a remote nation is that on the off chance that you set your attention to it, you can do anything! Before you move to another country, such a large number of things sound so troublesome †getting the correct visa, learning another dialect, fitting in to an alternate culture †yet once you’re there, nothing is as hard as it sounds. Also, this will in general overflow into all aspects of your life. Request HELP There’s no disgrace in perceiving that moving to another nation is troublesome, particularly to consider †figuring out how to compose scholastically in an entire distinctive language is absolutely a test. Be that as it may, Universities and instructors get this and will give direction to help update you with what is required to come out of Uni with a unimaginable educational encounter, and grade! On the off chance that you do feellike you need some help with you examines, at that point address us at our site and we will give you how we can assist you with passing your course effortlessly! Instructions to refer to 7 THINGS YOU ONLY LEARN FROM MOVING TO THE UK TO STUDY, Essay models

Built Enivornments and Obesity in Poor Neighborhoods - Free Essay Example

America is one of the â€Å"wealthiest countries in the world and accordingly has high obesity rates† (Levin 2667). One-third of the American population is affected by obesity (Levine 2667; Gray et al. 2; Xu and Wang 19). In addition, obesity rates are higher among the residents from low-income communities (Lovasi et al 7; Perdue 821). Obesity prevalence rates in the U.S. vary a great deal across states, which range from â€Å"21.3% in Colorado to 35.1% in Mississippi and West Virginia in 2013† (Xu and Wang 19). Obesity is â€Å"a major risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, stroke, depression, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and some cancers† (Xu and Wang 19). Moreover, Rahman et al. note, â€Å"Obesity is predicted to shorten life expectancy of the average American 2 to 5 years† (50). Take the case of Mississippi, which is one of the poorest and most obese states in America. Accordingly, NPR reports that with obesity rate of 42%, the average life expectancy for men in Holmes County, Mississippi is 65 years (Tackling Obesity Amid Poverty In A Mississippi County 00:00:01- 00:00:21). Thus, obesity is a precursor of different chronic illnesses that leads to decreased human life expec tancy. The increasing number of obese people in poor neighborhoods is linked to the unfavorable conditions of built environment, which is understood as â€Å"human-made resources and infrastructure designed to support human activity, such as buildings, roads, parks, restaurants, grocery stores and another amenities as compared with natural environment† (Xu and Wang 19). Hence, built environments have significant effects on resident’s health based on the available resources in their surroundings. In similar fashion, Rahman et al. reveal, â€Å"Lower-socioeconomic status neighborhoods are at higher risk [of becoming obese], as these communities often have limited access to recreational facilities and food stores with healthful, affordable options† (51). Built environments encourage ‘obesogenic’ or obesity-generating behaviors among residents in poor neighborhoods; therefore, the government could help alleviate the problems of increasing number of obes e people in poor neighborhoods. Food Deserts and Obesity Bader et al. remark, â€Å"Food deserts, or neighborhood environment with limited access to healthy and affordable food, are believed to contribute to poor diets and to elevated prevalence of obesity . . .† (411). Thus, food desert conditions that limit access to healthy and affordable food and give options of cheap yet unhealthy food contribute to growing obesity rates in poor neighborhoods. According to Sallis and Glanz, â€Å"fast-food restaurants in particular have identified as a potential contributor to a higher prevalence of obesity† (135). In addition, Rahman et al. emphasize, â€Å"A high density of fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, and bars, along with concentrated media marketing, all promote unhealthful food choices and hinder good nutrition† (51). Similarly, Xu and Wang add, â€Å"An individual with a high level of consumption of fast foods and sugar-sweetened beverages . . . has a high risk of obesity† (19). Thus, the congestion of f ast food restaurants in poor neighborhoods encourage the residents to purchase and consume fast foods which are known to be ‘more’ affordable yet have low or no nutritional value. Even more, Lovasi et al. reveal, â€Å"Poor neighborhoods had less access to supermarkets but more access to small grocery and convenience stores. Compared with supermarkets, small grocery stores and convenience stores may have produce that is poorer in quality and more expensive† (9). In the same way, Perdue argues, â€Å"In the United States, small grocery stores and convenience stores tend not to stock much selection of healthier foods† (823). Likewise, Bader et al. add, â€Å"Access to convenience stores†¦ is associated with a poorer diet and poorer weight status† (411). Furthermore, Sallis and Glanz argue, â€Å"Low-income and racial or ethnic minority communities usually have less access to supermarkets and a greater concentration of fast-food restaurants, and the quality of goods offered tends to be worse in these neighborhoods† (139). Consequently, the presence of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores in poor neighborhoods constrain the residents’ ability to access healthy food. Aside from less access to affordable healthy food, Debbie Elliot of NPR News, reports, â€Å"Its still cheaper to pick up a can of processed corn than to buy four ears of fresh picked† (Tackling Obesity Amid Poverty In A Mississippi County 00:05:15- 00:05:21). In the same way, there are several pantries that seek to support the low-income residents in filling in the gap of food access among poor residents. For example, in New Brunswick, Five Loaves of Pantry serves clients with food options ranging from frozen meat, processed meat, ready-to-eat food, canned goods, chips to some crops and produce like potatoes and bananas. Although the pantry provides food for free, the nutritional value is not guaranteed. In other words, not only the presence of more fast food restaurants and local grocery stores and convenience stores restrict residents from poor neighborhoods to access healthy food, but also the limited income of the residents and the variety of unhealthy food that is freely provided by community pantries. Physical Inactivity and Obesity Aside from inaccessibility of healthy food, another factor that contributes to the growing number of obese people in poor neighborhoods is physical inability. Xu and Wang define physical inability as â€Å"no leisure-time physical activity or exercise† (20). There are two major causes of physical inability among people in poor communities. First, there is less access to recreational infrastructures and exercise facilities that hinders physical activities among residents. â€Å"In one study of rural residents, the perception of a lack of place to be physically active was associated with being obese and inactive, and this association was stronger among lower-income participants† (Lovasi et al. 9). Accordingly, Lovasi et al. points out that lacking access to physical activity outside the home such as neighborhood streets, walking or biking trails, parks, or exercise facilities such as gymnasiums or pools, may discourage physical activity and promote obesity (9). Furthermor e, as the most common physical activity in the United States, walking frequently occurs along neighborhood streets, making streets and sidewalks as important venues for physical activity (Lovasi et al. 9). However, Rahman et al. observe, â€Å"Communities that have low-density development patterns, poor street connectivity, and a lack of destinations within safe walking distance adversely impact health behaviors, which in turn contributes to obesity and other chronic illnesses† (52). Not only the less access to recreational and exercise facilities, but also crime and safety-related perceptions discourage physical activities among residents. In Perdue’s view, â€Å"crime and perceptions of crimes are affected by features such as abandoned buildings, vacant lots and poor lighting, and may be significant deterrents to outdoor activity such as walking or using parks or playground† (824). Thus, the presence of these vacant lots and buildings as well as poor street lighting discourage residents to engage in physical activity such as walking or playing in the parks. Moreover, Bader et al. conclude, â€Å"There is a some evidence that fear of crime and other safety-related concerns discourage people from neighborhood walking or other forms of outdoor physical activity† (411). For example, Lovasi et al. specify, â€Å"Perceived safety from crime has been associated with physical activity for African-American women in Chicago, Illinois† (16). T herefore, in Chicago, Illinois, which also has a high rate of obesity, African-American women consider the lack ofcrime safety as a cause of not walking or doing exercise out-of-door. Similarly, Xu and Wang add, â€Å"More anxiety about neighborhood safety may deter physical activity and help explain a higher obesity rate in inner city areas† (20). Thus, the anxiety caused by the perception of crime prevents the residents to engage in physical activity. As a result of physical inactivity, the residents become obese or more obese. Thus, crime and even the fear that crime can happen discourage residents in poor neighborhoods to go out of their house to engage in outdoor physical activity and exercises. Current Solution Currently, there are government efforts to help alleviate the health problems such as obesity in poor neighborhoods. Undoubtedly, Sallis and Glanz mention that â€Å"policies are the primary mechanism for making environmental changes and include formal and informal rules, laws, and regulations. Both government and industry policies control food environments. Policies pertaining to parks and recreation, education, transportation, and planning departments in governments at multiple levels have direct responsibility for physical activity environments† (125). Therefore, government intervention includes policies, rules and regulations that seek to address the problem in healthy food access and â€Å"in order for people to be more active and have healthier diets, they need access to safe places for recreation, neighborhoods that are walkable, and local markets that offer healthful, affordable food† (Rahman et al. 55). Thus, the government make policies to control food environ ment and increase the access to safe places that are conducive to physical activity among residents in poor neighborhoods. For example, in California, in order to give low-income residents access to healthy foods, the Food Policy Task Force endorsed the creation of a regional food system (Rahman et al. 52). Similarly, restaurants in New York and Seattle provide calorie, fat and other nutritional information on menus (Sallis and Glanz 137). Lastly, despite being not so popular in the poor neighborhoods, there are efforts to conduct community-based education for preventive measures to promote health and wellness (Rahman et al. 50). Despite these policy interventions, Lovasi et al. stress that strategies for behavior change should be considered in line with modifying the built environment and implementing policy interventions (16). Therefore, there are several efforts to modify the built environment in poor neighborhoods in order to promote physical activity and reduce the residentsâ €™ access to unhealthy food. In conclusion, obesity is one of the problems that is prevalent in poor neighborhoods. The number of obese people in poor neighborhoods is growing. Evidently, two major reasons contribute to this problem—lack of opportunities to access healthy and affordable food and the presence of barriers to physical activity. The prevalence of small grocery stores, convenience stores and fast food restaurants encourage low-income people to purchase and eat unhealthy food with high calories and fat. Consequently, unhealthy food consumption leads to excess weight. The low physical activity of residents in poor neighborhood is due to the lack of access to safe recreational facilities. Additionally, because of the high crime rates, people are discouraged to go out of their houses in fear of being exposed and victimized by crime-related activities. As a result, this physical inactivity leads to gaining more weight. Although there are government efforts and policies to modify the built environme nt, it is argued that these changes should be considered in the context of strategies of changing behavior. There is a need to make aggressive efforts to slow down this health epidemic that affects the poor neighborhoods. Therefore, strategies such as preventive programs that promote health and wellness should be encouraged in the poor neighborhoods, as the existing policies to change the built environment are being implemented.

Romanticism And Realism - 727 Words

For my paper, I will be discussing the transition from Romanticism to Realism in literature in the 1800’s. Both styles of literature we’re revolutionary in their time and are still two of the most popular styles of writing today. While Romanticism seems to focus on metaphors and emotions Realism mostly focuses on the character and the aspects of everyday life. Although these two styles are very different it is easy to see how Romanticism lead to the Realism style of writing. Usually in Romanticism the characters tend to be un realistic while in Realism the characters are just regular people. The same theory can be applied to the plot of these styles of writing. In Romanticism, the plot is usually unexpected and adventurous and in Realism†¦show more content†¦Hedda had wealth and a lover, something most people look for in life. Although Hedda was married she was forced to marry under her wealth class. During this time women were given very few rights this gave h er almost no opportunity to leave here situation. This lead to her living an empty and selfish life style. Materialism seems to be a huge theme in realism and this play is a great example of that. Another prime example of Realism is Tolstoy’s â€Å"The Death of Ivan Ilyich.† This play focuses on the sad life of Ivan. Tolstoy does a great job making the reader pity Ivan in every aspect of his life. Ivan is not only physically sick but he is mentally sick. Like many characters in the Realism period he was very materialistic, lonely, and had no God in his life. Ivan also spent a lot of time and money trying to live a lifestyle he couldn’t afford. Ivan and Hedda are to great examples of characters in Realistic literature. The both seems to be ordinary people with extremely complex lives and no shortage of problems. These characters and plots are very different from the charcters and plots of a Romantic author. Romantic authors tended to have larger than life characters with heroic qualities. Frederick Douglass seemed to be a very brave individual who wanted to make the best of his situation and did exactly that. Not only did Ivan and Hedda not try to make the best of their situations, they made their situations much worse. They spent most of theirShow MoreRelatedRomanticism vs Realism2268 Words   |  10 PagesCast of Madame Bovary: A Study of Realism and Romanticism Through the Characters of the Novel Gustave Flaubert is considered one of the most influential novelists of the Realist period. His most famous work, Madame Bovary, earned both heavy criticism and fame for its controversial style and mockery of Romanticism. The novel itself even went to trial, being banned for a while due to immorality (Various, 1). 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Blood Transfusions Are Becoming More And More Common

Aubri Jimenez Mrs. Galaviz English 12 5 March 2015 Blood Transfusions Lifesaving blood transfusions are becoming more and more common. Aaron Dunnagan is a perfect example of how they are lifesaving. Two years ago when he was thirty-four years old, Aaron experienced symptoms of one of the most rare blood disorders called Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). TTP is when you have blood clots that form in your blood vessels therefore causing a lack of oxygen to your organs (Dunnagan). What is frightening about TTP is that you are not born with the disorder; people just somehow develop it. In Aaron’s case he had three embolisms (blood clots) that made it so he had a shortage of oxygen in his brain, making it hard for him to function (Dunnagan). His body had become autoimmune; this means his body was producing antibodies that were mistakenly attacking his body’s healthy blood cells (Dunnagan). The antibodies were causing a block in the activity of the ADAMTS13 enzyme which would be preventing unnecessary blood clots (Du nnagan). As a result of the lack of enzymes, less platelet were present in his plasma. This caused Aaron to need plasma exchange provided by an Apheresis machine, which supplies protein into the blood. In the total time of six months, Aaron had fifty-four transfusions done on him. For those six months, he needed eight pints of plasma every day, which is equivalent to eight people donating their blood (Dunnagan). Transfusing blood is a complicated and aShow MoreRelatedThe Risks Of Having Surgery1645 Words   |  7 PagesAspiration, or breathing food or fluid into the lungs, can be a problem, during surgery† (Whitlock, 2014). This is a possible situation that may occur before having the surgery, and some patients might even experience an increased heart rate or elevated blood pressure during the process, which is very risky for their cardiovascular system. 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In Cases Of Juvenile Arrest, Rehabilitation, Not Punishment Should Be Essay Example For Students

In Cases Of Juvenile Arrest, Rehabilitation, Not Punishment Should Be Essay streesedRefinance now homeowner even if you have bad credit. 185 locIncases of Juvenile arrest, rehabilitation, not punishment should be streesedWhy would our government try to hurt kids?Well, kids are being hurt right now. You see, in America punishment, ratherthan rehabilitation is being emphasized for juveniles who commit crimes. This way of thinking must stop with the addition of rehabilitation andprevention programs for juvenile offenders. States vary in their legal definition ofa juvenile. In Illinois, for example, a juvenile is defined as any personbelow the age of 17. Using each states legal definition, the FBI reportedthat 62% of juveniles arrested in 1992 were referred to juvenile courts,5% to a criminal or adult court, 2% to a welfare agency, and 1% to anotherpolice agency. The kids sent to adult prisons were eight times as likelyto commit suicide. It has also been evident that those kids incarceratedwith adults are also more likely to become repeat offenders. We will write a custom essay on In Cases Of Juvenile Arrest, Rehabilitation, Not Punishment Should Be specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Legislation pending in congress now isdebating several issues. Among them are weather to have children as youngas 13 be prosecuted and sentenced as adults for certain crimes, give prosecutorsthe discretion to transfer a juvenile to an adult court in certain crimes,and allow juveniles to have incidental contact and in some cases be housedwith adults. I take an opposing point of view with thatof congress. If a 13 year old is imprisoned, how can he become a functionalmember of society upon his release? How will he create a positive lifestylefor himself? The real question is: How can he turn in any direction otherthan that of crime? He simple will not be able to. If a child is sent toa prison to stay in a cell for hours at a time, the only life he will knowis the life he came from, not the life that could be his. Also, a prosecutorshouldnt have the privilege to decide what court a kid is placed in. Aprosecutor has a built in bias; the decision should be left to a judgewho would look in the best interest of the convicted person. The statisticsprove that housing children with adults can only have a disastrous outcomefor the juvenile. The goal of juvenile detention should beto rehabilitate and develop the individual. Appropriate educational skillsneed to be taught. Children need to be put in touch with their feelingthrough counseling. Juvenile offenders need to be exposed to role modelsfrom within their community and without. A sense of hope should be instilledso that the young offender is not resigned to the fate of a second classcitizen.More important than efforts to rehabilitatethe offender would be programs to prevent the juvenile from committingcrimes to begin with. Keyshawn Johnson, a wide receiver for the NFLs NewYork Jets, recently said People hate to say it, but what you are aroundis what youre going to be. At 13 years old and youre around crime, youregoing to be a criminal. For this reason, prevention efforts must involvethe entire community, including schools, faith-based organizations, business,law enforcement and most importantly, the parents. If parents are unableto properly educate their kids, then programs need to be developed to trainthe parents. Boys and girls clubs basketball leagues, The Jessie WhiteTumblers, adult mentoring, and student exchanges are all positive preventionprograms that need to be continued and further promoted. It is imperative that our federal governmentset a tone and send the message that juveniles who come in contact withthe law are entitled to protections not available to adults. Rehabilitation,not long term imprisonment, should be the goal, and prevention now is preferableto punishment later. 2.3 million juveniles were arrested in 1992. It isin the best interest of America to see that these 2.3 million do not becomeadult offenders.

The Awakening Personality Developments Essay Example For Students

The Awakening Personality Developments Essay PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTThe idea that one can understand and comprehend the development of an individual is profound and abstruse, but very few people have actually had success dealing with such a topic. From obstacles such as proper test subjects to the whole stigma of taboo attached in trying to understand the human mind, researchers and psychologists have had success. One of the most notable successes is that of Sigmund Freud, the father of modern psychology, as we know it. Freuds in depth pioneering journey into the minds of people, and how the mind itself develops with the passing of time and events. Other modern psychologists have elaborated on Freud, including the psychologists Erik Erikson and Karen Horney. Their thoughts on the personality development of people relate directly to Kate Chopins book, The Awakening. In this book, the theories discussed by Freud and his successors are shown explicitly and implicitly. We will write a custom essay on The Awakening Personality Developments specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Obviously, Sigmund Freuds work in the field of personality development was by far the most prolific and controversial. The father of modern psychology, Freud broke all barriers to expose what he thought to be the real reasons for human behavior. His theories of personality development can best start with the discussion of the conscious and the unconscious mind. The conscious mindalong with the lesser preconscious mindis that part of the mind that one has control, or knowledge of. Ironically, this is the least part of the mind that one has control over. The so called subconscious mind is the part of the mind that lurks beneath the surface, filled with instincts, emotions, and unfulfilled desires (Shaffer 26). The total human mind is divided into the famous three parts of the Id, the ego, and the superego. The Id can be correlated directly to the subconscious, since it contains ones innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires, or as Freud would call them, wishes. The Id represents ones innermost and primitive desires, such as food and reproduction, and it constantly drives ones actions. The total antithesis of the Id is the superego. The superego in the case of personality development, comes directly from parents. This superego is consisted of the conscience (punishments and warnings) and the ego ideal (positive rewards and role models). Thus the superego can be defined as what keeps the Id in check, which leads to the ego. The ego is the rationalizing factor, it is the result of the superego and the Id, canceling each other out. The ego is the compromise between the Id and the superego, and it seeks to solve the problems that an individual may face. The ego is the visible part of the mind, and it is with the ego that individuals can either raise or lower themselves. Thus having discussed Freuds analysis of the brain, it seems logical to determine how the mind responds to events that in turn lead to the development of the individual. Freud mentions things such as traumatical events, which can affect ones development that trigger what he calls defense mechanisms (Shaffer 61). One example would be suppression, wherein one tries to bury and put away all that is bothering them, such as the loss of a loved one, etc. This suppression may resurface at the wrong time (since its never been dealt with) and can have harmful effects on the individual. Another example would repression, or forgetting such a trauma occurred. Another well known mechanism would be denial, wherein one denies that something will happen, or denies the severity of such an event. All these things have one thing in common; that when a person doesnt deal with a situation properly, it can affect them later on in life, when it is most likely unwanted (Cooper 73). Freud also dealt with the development of the child, and how ones upbringing can affect ones adult life. .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .postImageUrl , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:visited , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:active { border:0!important; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:active , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Malthus` Population Essay Skipping the parts of Oedipal-complex, etc., the one Freudian dogma that sticks out, especially in relation to the story is the lack of the mother theory. In this case which applies to the main character of The Awakening, Edna, a loss of the mother leads to a female child to lose her female role model, thus making her more manly, etc. This is

Free Essays on Esmeralda Santiago

as her medium, Santiago paints a beautiful picture of her life. I smelled the spices and herbs emanating from the special Puerto Rican dishes her mami prepared. Mesmerized, I watched as her abuela delicately stitched her needlework. We laughed together and cried together, and I allowed my spirit to run free with hers. Santiago writes with such clarity and fierceness that it is impossible for any person not to see, feel and understand what she went through in her remarkable journey. Santiago's unique style is easy to follow. When I read the book, I was immediately hooked and could not stop until I read the last word. The stories are interesting and full of insight. She addresses fears and trials of all people. I especially related to her conflicts with her cultural identity. Anyone who has lived in-between two cultures can relate to her story. Santiago wrote: "When I returned to Puerto Rico after living in New York for seven years, I was told I was no longer Puerto Rican ... In writing the book I wanted to get back to that feeling of Puertoricanness I had before I came here. Its title reflects who I was then, and asks, who am I today?" Santiago's book provides a sense of hope. She is transformed from a co... Free Essays on Esmeralda Santiago Free Essays on Esmeralda Santiago This is a delightfully woven story of immense passion and unconquerable spirit. In this extraordinary autobiography, Santiago, an immigrant to New York from rural Puerto Rico, tells the story of her trials and triumphs, defeats and heart-aches in a unique concoction of vivid sensory detail. Santiago grew up in what her mami calls "savage" conditions, dutifully obeying her parents as they constantly move. Her greatest relocation occurred when a "metal bird" flew her, her mother and two of her siblings to the rough city of New York. This book is the account of the maturing of an extraordinary woman who overcame barriers formed by hate, prejudice, cultural differences, puberty and heartaches to rise triumphantly. Using words as her medium, Santiago paints a beautiful picture of her life. I smelled the spices and herbs emanating from the special Puerto Rican dishes her mami prepared. Mesmerized, I watched as her abuela delicately stitched her needlework. We laughed together and cried together, and I allowed my spirit to run free with hers. Santiago writes with such clarity and fierceness that it is impossible for any person not to see, feel and understand what she went through in her remarkable journey. Santiago's unique style is easy to follow. When I read the book, I was immediately hooked and could not stop until I read the last word. The stories are interesting and full of insight. She addresses fears and trials of all people. I especially related to her conflicts with her cultural identity. Anyone who has lived in-between two cultures can relate to her story. Santiago wrote: "When I returned to Puerto Rico after living in New York for seven years, I was told I was no longer Puerto Rican ... In writing the book I wanted to get back to that feeling of Puertoricanness I had before I came here. Its title reflects who I was then, and asks, who am I today?" Santiago's book provides a sense of hope. She is transformed from a co...

Quality Assurance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality Assurance - Research Paper Example Section 46.703 of the FAR spells out the criteria for use of warranties. Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR 46.7) outlines that the application of warranties is not mandatory. Nevertheless, if the benefits to flow from the warranty are proportionate to the cost of the warranty, the Contracting Officer (CO) should consider placing it in the contract. FAR Subpart 46.703 demands that the CO evaluate the form and application of supplies and services, the cost, administration and enforcement, reduced requirements, and trade practices (National Archives Records Administration, 2010). The rationale for incorporating a warranty should be documented within the contract file. The CO should consider the following factors when weighing in on warranties; nature and application of supplies or services, cost, trade practice, administration and enforcement, and minimized requirements. The nature and application of the supplies or services is influenced by factors such as degree of development, state of the art, end use, complexity and function, degree of development, probable harm to the government in instances in which the item is defective, and complexities in detecting defects prior to acceptance. Warranty clause does not limit the government’s rights under the inspection clause (Subpart 46.3) regarding latent defects, fraud, or gross mistakes that are tantamount to fraud. Subpart 46.706 (warranty terms and conditions) facilitates the pricing and enforcement of warranties whereby CO should ensure that the warranties state concisely the precise nature of item and components that the contractor warrants, scope and duration of the warranty, and extent of the contractor’s warranty inclusive of contractor’s obligations to the government for violation of contract (Meagher & Rennie, 2001). Contractor obligations under warranties encompass to all defects discovered at the

PPBE (Planning, programming, budgeting, and execution) Essay

PPBE (Planning, programming, budgeting, and execution) - Essay Example This will help the readers to understand each and every bit of the paper in a well manner. So, here I am explaining some key and practical terms including PPBE, Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution in the context of the main theme of the research paper. Basically, PPBE refers to Planning. Programming, Budgeting and Execution process that involves the working of the defense department. This process tells us that how department of defense (DOD) allocates their resources. It further highlights the process that how department of defense in collaboration with their contractors work together in managing their tasks within fiscal budget. Moreover, how they follow the defense strategies, goals and policies of the defense department. OSD and Joint Staff are the two main acting participants of the planning phase. They jointly articulate military strategy and national defense policies. Military strategy also known as SPG, Strategic Planning Guidance leads into EPP, Enhanced Planning Process. In EPP, several priorities of military budget are set for further program developments including force modernization, sustainability and readiness. Moreover, it also supports business process and overall infrastructure of the military. Finally, the result of EPP is written up and forwarded to JPG, Joint Programming Guidance. So, planning is a process that includes the definition and assessment of all the alternatives strategies plus the critical analysis of changing trends and conditions, technology and threat. Moreover, it also includes the economic assessments with efforts to recognize change and the long term goals and implications of the current choices. Finally, we can say that it is a process of determining requirements and needs. In the beginning of this phase, each agency and DOD department writes a POM, Program Objective Memorandum. Each POM describes the proposed budget for manpower, forces and funding. It is a

Cooking Is My Hobby Essay Example for Free

Cooking Is My Hobby Essay I enjoy cooking because it keeps me happy in my life. Whenever I feel sad or upset, cooking ease that for me in a big way. I started cooking when I was 6, but it was as simple as putting ham and cheese between 2 slices of bread and used my favorite condiment of maynaise and let it heat up for about 30 seconds. When I grew older, my knowledge of food grew to new depths when I learned how to cook American food on the grill when I was 13 and my dad was the sole reason why I got better since he explained to me how to use temperature control. The 1st dish I made on my own without any kind of assistance was Alaskan Cod with Lemon Pepper which I enjoyed very much when it was baked in an oven. Now, in my college years, I evolved into making cursine in many cultures such as tacos from Mexico, crepes from France, peking duck from China, and pizza from Italy using my ingredients I purchased from HEB, Fiesta, or Chinatown in my hometown. Cooking is the only thing in which I know how to do best and I usually cook for my family, relatives, friends, or people whom I do not know. Sometimes, I cook multiple of one thing for homeless people and disturbute them across the city. My least favorite thing to cook is vegetables since I do not like them, but if someone requests them on their plate, I will not be unwilling to cook them. Instead, I would embrace their desires and make it for them. I have invested hours of my time per day to be more knowlegable about different cooking methods from various chefs instead of just one in order to be prepared for different styles of cooking and perferences from guests. My signature dish is pork and leek dumplings with either soy sauce or vinegar or my orange chicken with basil and coconut broth so if you are ever in my area, I will be willing to cook for you.

BRILLIANT MINDS :: Essays Papers

BRILLIANT MINDS Abstract Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were two of the great pioneers of in the study of Scientific Management. Two of there major writings were on Fatigue Study and Motion Study. Business scholars use many of their writings, today. Many of their results affect the work conditions in many companies. Brilliant Minds of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Frank Gilbreth was born on July 7, 1868 in Fairfield, Maine. Lillian Gilbreth was born on June 24, 1924 in Montclair, New Jersey. The Gilbreths' are considered two of the greatest American scholars in the field of scientific management. Many professional business managers use many of their writings. Many of their writings include The Psychology of Management, Fatigue Study, Motion Study for the Handicapped, Applied Motion Study, Motion Study, Primer of Scientific Management, Bricklaying System, and Concrete System. One of the great literary writings by the Gilbreths was the study of motion. Motion study is a means to permanent and practical waste elimination (Gilbreth, 1917). This work is aim to describe the work areas that motion study can be or is being applied and different methods to apply to the study. Finally, the result of the study. Motion study was mainly used in American Industry. The goal of this study was to eliminate unnecessary effort used in the industry to as low as possible. The improvement of a job task while increasing productivity was the result. The American industrial sector was used because it was expanding during this time and America needed to improve industrial techniques to remain competitive against other countries. Motion study analyzed every detailed in the operation to perform a particular task and determined the method which used the least amount of energy. An example of this research is the assembly of piece used in the production of the braider manufactured by the New England Butt Company (Gilberth 1917). After analysis using motion study there was a three hundred and fifty percent increase in production with no increase in worker fatigue (Gilbreth 1917). The analysis consisted of what is the unit of measure, the difference methods used, and devices needed. All three are needed to be in corporated to obtain a result. The use of chronocyclegraph motion devices was another method used in motion study. Chronocyclegraph devices were used in the study to formulate a precise scientific conclusion to an investigation. Clocks, temperature, and location devices was used during the study.

Policing Practices and Operations Essay

Law enforcement officers have many duties. Law enforcement officers are sworn to serve and protect society as well as to fight crime. They also maintain order within their jurisdiction, as well as providing other services that the community will benefit from. Most of the time, police officers are considered to be crime fighters, in which this image has been brought to citizen’s attention by the media. The styles of policing should match the community in which they serve, so there is no conflict between the community and the law enforcement officer. The future policing structure does have a huge impact socially, economically, and politically within the community and the police departments general needs so that they can provide the proper policing that is needed. Life threatening situations take place in different circumstances, which includes the law enforcement agencies. Dangers Law enforcement officers face being wounded or murdered as they are on the line of duty in the United States, every year. The greatest threat a police officer will ever face is bodily harm and death. When a law enforcement officer is called to a scene and responds to a disturbance call, the law enforcement officer is confronted with the possibilities of violent actions from an armed suspect. Although, bodily harm as well as death upon a law enforcement officer are not the only dangers in policing. Family issues and stress related illnesses also can be contributing factors to the danger of a law enforcement officer and policing. Law enforcement officer’s jobs can surely take a toll on their lives as well as their well-being. If the pressures of their type of work are handled and coped with property, it could end up becoming life threatening. Today’s law enforcement officers are faced with many dangers within their everyday duties, like rival threats of getting shot. Examples are: vehicle pursuits, traffic control, and foot pursuit, stress, making an arrest, and sun exposure/duty equipment and biohazard exposure. These dangers are exposed to law enforcement officers on a daily basis. This is why it is important for law enforcement officers to wear their bulletproof vests as well as their belts that contain pepper spray, radio, handgun, baton, and handcuffs. All of this specified equipment usually will weigh up to about twenty pounds, which adds stress to the law enforcement officers hips, feet, knees, and back areas. Stress to the law enforcement officers body by getting in and out of their patrol vehicle up to about fifty times within one day, as they have to wear all of their equipment. Law enforcement officers are exposed to the extreme temperatures for many hours at a time. They may have to be in extreme heat c onditions, such as one hundred degree heat, while conducting traffic control at a scene of an accident. They also sometimes have to provide crime scene security when the weather may be in freezing conditions. Law enforcement officers are at the mercy of all weather conditions. Also, a lot of the times law enforcement officers are called to a scene and they are not properly prepared for it because of the weather conditions and they do not have the time to stop somewhere to get what they need to prepare themselves. They may have to stand out in extremely hot or freezing weather without the proper protection they may need or hydration they so desperately have to have. Law enforcement officer’s physical dangers have to be dealt with as well as trying to always be ready for the worst. As this can add so much mental and physical stress upon the law enforcement officer. They have to be aware of their surroundings and environment all the time. Law enforcement officers have to be alert as well as being prepared for all situations that may occur. The officer will rarely have time to get prepared for an emergency call. They have to sometimes rely on the training the received to be able to make important, split second decisions that are based on different circumstances. The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks gained the attention from all the departments within law enforcement. Within the federal policing agencies, they took precautionary measures to make sure that the people of  the United States were safe. Even though, the local and state agencies have managed to keep the people’s fears under control within the United States and communities as well. All of the agencies in the United States have to work fearlessly on preventing and reducing the citizen’s fears caused by terrorism. When terrorism is looked into, law enforcement agencies and Homeland security across the world are very imperative that the agencies try to work together in solving the crimes by using shared information and by having departmental as sistance. All in all, terrorism is always a danger for law enforcement officers. Statistics As reports were published by the National Police Officer Memorial Funds said that in 2010, officer’s fatalities treacherously rose. There was a two year drop of law enforcement mortalities in 2010 that rose to 160. This was intensified by about forty percent compared by looking at the year before. The data gathered by the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund indicated that for the thirteenth consecutive year, the number one cause of law enforcement officers deaths were contributed by traffic fatalities, within thirty nine states. Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia were also involved in law enforcement officer’s related deaths in 2010. Within the third consecutive year in a row, Texas, Florida, and California were ranked on top of the five states that involved the most of law enforcement fatalities. The Federal law enforcement Officers had a total of eleven law enforcement officers that were lost, including the Federal agents that lost their lives in the line of duty during 2010, along with United States Customs, two United States Border Patrol agents, and three Border Protection officers. According with the Federal Bureau of Investigations (2011) website, it stated that fifty-six law enforcement officers were killed in the line of duty. Thirty two law enforcement officers that were among the fifty-six, were employed within city police departments. Thirteen of them were employed for law enforcement agencies within cities of a population consisting of 250,000 or more people that reside there. In Puerto Rico and twenty two other states, there was also line of duty deaths as well. There were fifteen law enforcement officers who lost their lives in ambush situations as well. There were fourteen law enforcement officers that lost their lives in felonious attacks while involved in arrest situations. There were eight law enforcement officers that were killed when they were investigating suspicious persons/circumstances. There were seven law enforcement officers that were killed while working on traffic stops/pursuits. Six law enforcement officers were killed while answering to disturbance calls. There were three law enforcement officers that were killed while they were involved in tactical situations, like high risk entry, barricaded offender, hostage situations, etc. There were two law enforcement officers that were killed upon conducting investigations while searching, interviewing, and looking at surveillance. And one law enforcement officer was killed as they were maintaining custody of a prisoner or while transporting a prisoner. With future policing, I feel that it is important to have close communication with the homeland security. I personally feel that the more communication there is, the more we will progress and bring better policing skills. It is equally as important to have communication with all law enforcement agencies to help in improving all policing operations that are dealt with. In future policing, the importance of keeping law enforcement agencies relationships maintained will build better and stronger agencies. With the relationship within law enforcement agencies and homeland security are not as accurate as seemed. It is understood that all agencies serve different purposes, as they are all in charge of different types of areas within society to serve and protect. I believe that joining forces with other agencies would be beneficial. It would be beneficial because by all working together, there could be issues that could be addressed a lot better. Along with lack of communication among law enforcement agencies and homeland security, we would be able to better handle the various criminal issues better. I feel that this can also improve community policing and law enforcement relationships. With the new technology equipment that police officers receive, they can work on their policing styles, such as being reactive or proactive. Once these issues are changed, there will be better communication with other law enforcement agencies, as they would be able to serve and protect in much more positive ways. This will decrease crime rates as well as increasing practices that  are reactive. As crime rates decrease, and proactive and reactive practices are being practiced, then the start of confidence will show within all law enforcement agencies. Although, there are many differences in the power as well as the authority, responsibilities and roles, and the difference in jurisdiction at the local, state, and federal levels within law enforcement officers. It is clearly apparent that all of the dangers within them remain equally the same. References American bar association. (2011). Standards on urban police functions. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/publications/criminal_justice_section_archive/crimjust_standards_urbanpolice.html Federal bureau of investigations. (2011). Officers feloniously killed. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka/leoka-2010/officers-feloniously-killed Crime in America.NET. (2011). Law enforcement fatalities dramatically increase in 2010. Retrieved from http://crimeinamerica.net/2011/01/04/law-enforcement-fatalities-dramatically-increase-in-2010/

Close Our Borders! Essay - 1009 Words

Since the 19th Century, America has become known as the nation of immigrants. During that time the United States experienced the biggest wave of immigration of any place or time in the history of the world. It was also during that same time that America felt the greatest growth in production and standard of living than any other point in history (Divine, 1957). For many, the link between these two exceptional points in history was no coincidence. Certainly one of the most controversial topics discussed today is of immigration. There are those who recognize that their ancestors were once immigrants themselves, and feel that America should hold an â€Å"open door† position to immigration. The opposing thought is one created out of fear. There†¦show more content†¦Because of this we are faced with a dilemma of deciding whether this nation is not only willing to accept new immigrants, but whether it can afford those new immigrants. The moral question yet to be answered is should immigration be decided based on issues of humanity or of economic means? Unquestionably, the most resented and controversial aspect of America’s immigration policy has been the growing concern over illegal immigration and its effects on the economy. During the mid 1990’s, public fury over illegal immigration reached new heights especially in the state of California, which borders Mexico. It was during this time when the United States witnessed one of the highest profile immigration bills in United States history emerge. Proposition 187, also known as the â€Å"Save Our State† initiative, appeared on the 1994 California ballot (Migration Dialogue 1994). Proposition 187 sought to restrict illegal immigrants from receiving public education, non-emergency medical care, and publically funded social services. Even though California voters passed this bill by a narrow margin, it was eventually overturned and never went into effect. 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